Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection among students at Middle Technical University

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Asymptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs), also referred to as asymptomatic bacteriuria, are defined by the presence of bacteria in the urinary tract in the absence of overt symptoms. This condition, which is particularly common among female college students, can result in severe infections if left untreated and contribute to antimicrobial resistance when mismanaged. The objective of the investigation is to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and bacterial aetiology of asymptomatic UTIs among students at Middle Technical University in Baghdad, Iraq.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to May 2024, with 100 students selected through stratified random sampling. Self-administered questionnaires were utilised to collect data regarding personal history, health practices, and dietary patterns. MacConkey, CLED, and blood agar were employed to culture midstream urine samples, and standard biochemical assays were employed to identify microorganisms. In order to identify bacterial antibodies in serum samples, ELISA was implemented. The statistical analysis identified correlations between UTI positivity and demographic, behavioural, and clinical variables.

Results: Asymptomatic bacteriuria was prevalent in 15% of the population, with a higher incidence in females (21.6%) than in males (8.2%). Staphylococcus aureus (33.3%) was the second most frequently identified pathogen, following Escherichia coli (46.7%). On-campus housing, inadequate hand hygiene, holding urine, low water intake, and prior UTI history were found to be risk factors substantially associated with UTI positivity (p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of ELISA and culture was exceptional, with 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion: Asymptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a substantial health concern among college students, with unique risk factors and microbial aetiologies. In order to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and address this neglected issue, it is essential to implement targeted screening, enhanced awareness, and preventive strategies, such as sanitation education, prudent antibiotic use, and hydration.