Civil liability for terrorist acts

Abstract

Terrorism has struck all countries of the world, and Arab countries have not been spared from this deadly scourge and deviant culture, including Iraq, where terrorism struck the country, exploiting the security vacuum and the fertile ground for terrorism, and infiltrated the homeland with the blessing of some countries and individuals, causing damage to lives and property, affecting public and private funds. Who bears the civil responsibility to compensate people harmed by terrorist acts  It is known that countries are responsible for their citizens, so their countries must assume responsibility, as terrorists are of several nationalities; either their actions were blessed by their countries, or by terrorist organizations, or by terrorist countries. What is the best way to prosecute them? This is supported by examples of terrorist cases in which the perpetrators' countries were prosecuted, such as the Lou Kerby case and the American JASTA law. In the absence of a way and the American JASTA law. In the absence of a way, who is responsible and who files the lawsuits? Does the mother country evade compensating for the damages resulting from terrorist acts, considering that it is responsible for protecting all citizens