The role of civil public order in confronting extremism

Abstract

Public order in civil law is an essential tool for regulating social behavior and preventing deviations that threaten coexistence and civil peace, including extremist behavior. When extremism manifests itself in acts that harm others—such as hate speech, incitement, or discrimination—it is considered an unlawful act that falls under the provisions of tort liability. Public order intervenes in this context to affirm that any act that violates the fundamental values ​​of society and results in harm is subject to compensation, even in the absence of a contractual relationship. Public order also allows for the annulment of contracts that violate public order and result in unlawful financing of extremism. It also grants civil judges broad discretion to characterize extremist acts as a breach of public order, thus opening the door to compensation.